నింగి కేగిన అరుణ తార
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సామ్రాజ్య వాదానికి వ్యతిరేకంగా మడమ తిప్పని పోరాటం చేసిన పోరాట యోదునికి అశ్రు నీరాజనం
Hugo Rafael Chávez
Frías (
28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was the President of Venezuela from 1999 until his death in 2013. He
was formerly the leader of the Fifth Republic Movement political party from its foundation in
1997 until 2007, when he became the leader of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). Following his own political
ideology of Bolivarianism and "socialism of the 21st century", he
focused on implementing socialist reforms in the country as a part of a social
project known as the Bolivarian Revolution, which has seen the
implementation of a new constitution, participatory democratic councils, the nationalization of
several key industries, increased government funding of health care and
education, and significant reductions in poverty, according to government
figures.
Born
into a working-class family in Sabaneta,
Barinas, Chávez became a career military officer, and after becoming
dissatisfied with the Venezuelan political system, he founded the secretive Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200) in the early 1980s to work
towards overthrowing it. Chávez led the MBR-200 in an unsuccessful coup d'état against the Democratic
Action government of
President Carlos Andrés Pérez in 1992, for which he was imprisoned.
Released from prison after two years, he founded a social
democraticpolitical party, the Fifth Republic Movement, and was elected president of Venezuela in 1998. He
subsequently introduced a new constitution which increased rights for
marginalized groups and altered the structure of Venezuelan government, and was re-elected in 2000. During his second
presidential term, he introduced a system of Bolivarian Missions, Communal Councils and worker-managed cooperatives, as
well as a program of land reform, whilst also nationalizing various key
industries. On 7 October 2012, Chávez won his country's presidential election
for a fourth time, defeating Henrique
Capriles, and was elected for another six-year term.
Chávez
described his policies as anti-imperialist,
and he was a vocal critic of neoliberalismand
laissez-faire capitalism. More generally, Chávez was a prominent adversary of
the United States' foreign policy.[3] Allying himself strongly with the
Communist governments of Fidel and then Raúl Castro in Cuba and the Socialist governments
of Evo Morales in Bolivia, Rafael Correa in Ecuador, and Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua, his presidency was seen
as a part of the socialist "pink tide"
sweeping Latin America. He supported Latin American and Caribbean cooperation and was instrumental in setting up the
pan-regionalUnion of South American Nations, the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas, the Bank of the South,
and the regional television network TeleSur. Chávez was a
highly controversial and divisive figure both at home and abroad.
On
30 June 2011, Chávez stated that he was recovering from an operation to remove
an abscessed tumor with cancerous cells. He
required a second operation in December 2012.[5] He was to have been sworn in on 10
January 2013, but the National Assembly of Venezuela agreed to postpone the
inauguration to allow him time to recuperate and return from a third medical
treatment trip to Cuba. Chávez died on 5 March 2013, at the age of 58
